The Smooth-Coat Chow Chow: the 5 percent variety almost nobody recognizes

The mental image most people attach to this breed is always the same: a dog that looks like a teddy bear, with its head ringed by a thick mane and its body buried under layers of tawny fur. That picture belongs to the rough variety, the common one, the one that fills social media and the collective imagination. The FCI standard 205, however, has recognized two distinct varieties from the start: the rough (long coat) and the smooth (short coat). The smooth variety accounts for under 5 percent of the worldwide population. Seen from a distance, without the mane, it looks like almost a different breed. Seen up close, it is exactly the same animal: same Chinese origin going back more than two thousand years, same reserved and independent character, same dark blue tongue that it shares only with the Shar-Pei. The entire difference comes down to the coat and to a dermatological consequence of that coat that deserves attention.

For deeper background on the history, character, and US regulatory context, a general Chow Chow profile covers those sections in detail.

What does the smooth Chow Chow look like?

The smooth Chow has the same skeleton and the same general build as the rough variety. A square, compact body, a broad head with a soft stop, small triangular erect ears, and a tail curled over the croup. The silhouette is solid, almost sculptural, with that scowling expression that mixes dignity and suspicion in equal parts.

What changes is the covering. The smooth coat runs about 0.4 to 0.8 inches (1-2 cm) long, dense, somewhat harsh to the touch, and lies flat against the outline of the body. The double coat is still present, but the undercoat is much finer than in the rough variety and the outer coat lacks the length that forms the mane around the head and chest. The result is a dog that shows its musculature and structure far more plainly, without the added volume of the long coat.

The colors accepted by the standard are the same in both varieties: red, fawn, black, blue, and cream. Pure white is not accepted. In the smooth variety, the solid colors read more sharply because the short coat does not blur the tones.

The most recognizable feature, shared with the rough variety, is the dark blue or purple tongue, alongside an equally pigmented palate and gums. The standard requires it: a dog with a pink tongue is disqualified for breeding and showing. Some veterinarians unfamiliar with this Asian spitz mistake that pigmentation for cyanosis, a sign of oxygen deprivation. It is worth flagging the breed at any emergency visit to avoid an unnecessary scare.

Males: 19-22 inches (48-56 cm) at the shoulder, 55-70 lb (25-32 kg). Females: 18-20 inches (46-51 cm), 44-60 lb (20-27 kg).

What is the smooth Chow Chow's character like?

The coat changes. The character does not. The smooth variety shares with the rough exactly the same temperament, because this is one breed with two distinct phenotypes, not two separate breeds with different behavioral selection.

This Asian spitz has a reputation as a cat-like dog, and the reputation is earned. It grooms itself, keeps social distance, chooses when to seek contact and when to stay curled up in its corner. The loyalty runs deep, but it is expressed in a contained way: following you around the house, staying close, keeping watch. It does not jump, does not beg for petting, does not chase constant applause. Anyone who reads that distance as coldness or lack of attachment does not understand how this dog works.

The bond forms preferentially with one person in the household. The rest of the family receives correct treatment, but the emotional intensity concentrates on one individual. Changes in the primary caretaker (separations, moves, long hospital stays) affect the dog visibly and for a long time.

With strangers, reserve is the rule. A smooth Chow poorly socialized during the critical window of 8 to 16 weeks can become structurally distrustful, with reactivity toward visitors and the potential for defensive aggression. Early socialization is not optional here; it is the single most decisive investment in the animal's entire life.

With dogs of the same sex, cohabitation is frequently problematic. With dogs of the opposite sex and socialization from puppyhood, the situation improves considerably. Living with cats is workable if both share the home from the start.

For training, punitive methods are counterproductive. The blue-tongue dog does not respond to coercion with submission: it responds with prolonged distrust and a damaged bond. Positive reinforcement with high-value treats, short sessions, and absolute consistency on household rules are the three pillars that work.

What health problems does the smooth Chow Chow have?

The health profile of the smooth variety is very similar to that of the rough, with one relevant difference: the short coat leaves more skin surface exposed, which changes the nature of certain dermatological problems.

Hip dysplasia. This is the most common and best-documented hereditary condition in the breed. Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) data place the prevalence of moderate or severe hip dysplasia above 20 percent in some registries. Intermittent lameness, difficulty rising, intolerance to prolonged exercise. An official radiograph (OFA hip evaluation) on the breeding stock is the minimum requirement you should demand from a breeder.

Entropion. The eyelids roll inward and the lid margin continuously irritates the cornea. Common in the breed because of the broad head structure and excess facial skin. Constant tearing, light sensitivity, exaggerated blinking. Corrective surgery is effective in grades II and III. In the smooth variety the excess facial folds tend to be somewhat lighter than in the rough, but the risk does not disappear.

Elbow dysplasia. A hereditary joint condition that in the smooth Chow appears at a frequency similar to or slightly higher than hip dysplasia in some studies. Front-limb lameness, especially after rest or exercise. Elbow radiographs on breeding stock are essential.

Autoimmune hypothyroidism. A marked tendency in the breed from about three or four years of age. Weight gain with no change in diet, lethargy, cold intolerance, symmetrical hair loss. An annual thyroid panel from age three catches it before the picture becomes symptomatic.

Degenerative myelopathy. A progressive degeneration of the spinal cord that produces hindlimb weakness, an unsteady gait, and loss of coordination. It has a genetic basis (the SOD1 gene, the same one involved in the German Shepherd). A DNA test is available; breeding stock should be clear of the risk allele.

Cutaneous melanoma. This is the most relevant difference between the two varieties. The short coat of the smooth variety leaves darkly pigmented skin more exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Cutaneous melanoma has a higher documented incidence in the smooth Chow than in the rough, especially in dark-coated dogs (black, blue) with areas of skin lacking dense fur cover. An annual dermatological exam, sun protection in summer, and attention to any new pigmented lesion are concrete preventive measures. The veterinarian should inspect the inguinal, axillary, and perianal areas at each routine visit.

Average lifespan: 9 to 12 years. That is shorter than for lightly built medium breeds, a direct consequence of the breed's hereditary load.

What is grooming the smooth Chow Chow like?

This is where the smooth variety holds a clear, practical advantage over the rough. The short coat takes considerably less maintenance time.

Outside of shedding periods, two or three brushings a week with a rubber mitt or short-bristle brush are enough to remove dead hair and keep the skin stimulated. The coat lying flat against the body does not mat or need deep raking.

During seasonal blows (spring and fall), the intensity rises. The undercoat sheds heavily, and daily brushing for two or three weeks keeps dead hair from blocking the pores and causing irritation. A fine-toothed deshedding tool makes the process much easier.

A bath every six to eight weeks with a shampoo formulated for dense coats is appropriate. Unlike the rough, drying is quick and does not require the intensive cabin-dryer work that variety demands. It is worth drying the facial fold thoroughly if the dog has abundant facial skin, because trapped moisture encourages maceration.

Skin care carries more weight here than in the rough. The short coat exposes any lesion, nodule, color change, or flaky patch more readily. Check the skin during the weekly brushing and consult your veterinarian about anything new. Inspecting the lower-density areas (groin, armpits, ventral region) is especially important given the melanoma risk already noted.

Dental care three times a week. Nail trim monthly. Weekly ear check. Cleaning of facial folds with a dry gauze if the dog has pronounced folds.

The cost of professional grooming is noticeably lower than for the rough variety: $150 to $300 a year for baths and coat checks is enough in most cases.

What does it cost to own a smooth Chow Chow in the US?

The price of a smooth-variety puppy in the US in 2026 runs between $2,000 and $3,500 from a breeder affiliated with the AKC and a regional Chow Chow club. The premium over the rough variety reflects the rarity of the smooth in the US market: most breeders produce predominantly rough because it is the variety in greater demand. Finding a breeder working the smooth line with complete health testing takes active searching and, frequently, a waiting list.

Below $1,000 you should suspect informal breeding with no testing. Imports from Central or Eastern Europe may come cheaper on the puppy price itself, but add transport costs and make it harder to follow up with the breeder.

Five questions a serious breeder answers:

1. OFA hip and elbow evaluations on both parents.
2. Degenerative myelopathy DNA test (SOD1 gene) on the breeding stock.
3. Ophthalmologic exam of the parents (entropion, PRA).
4. Thyroid panel on the breeding stock from age three.
5. AKC registration and pedigree for the puppy.

Estimated annual spend for a healthy adult in the US:

• Food (premium kibble or fresh diet): $500 to $900.
• Routine veterinary care (vaccines, annual exam, parasite control): $400 to $700.
• Annual thyroid panel from age three: $80 to $150.
• Grooming: $150 to $300.
• Pet insurance: $400 to $700.
• Accessories and miscellaneous: $150 to $300.

Estimated total with no unexpected conditions: between $1,700 and $3,000 a year. If dysplasia or chronic hypothyroidism appears, veterinary costs can double that figure.

A note on US regulations: the Chow Chow is not on any federal dangerous-dog list, but breed-specific legislation in the US is handled at the state, county, and city level and varies widely, so it is worth checking local ordinances before acquiring the dog. More relevant for most owners, several homeowner and renter insurance carriers place the Chow Chow on restricted-breed lists, which can affect or void liability coverage. Confirm with your insurer before bringing one home.

Full breed data sheet

Block	Item	Value
Identification	Canonical name	Chow Chow (smooth variety)
	Other names	Smooth Chow, blue-tongue dog, short-coated Chow Chow
	Origin	Northern China (over 2,000 years)
	FCI standard	N°205
	Year of FCI recognition	1957
	FCI group and section	Group 5 (spitz and primitive types), Section 5 (Asian spitz-related)
	AKC group	Non-Sporting Group
	Recognized varieties	Rough (long coat) and smooth (short coat)
	Share of worldwide population	under 5 percent (smooth)
Physical	Male weight	55-70 lb (25-32 kg)
	Female weight	44-60 lb (20-27 kg)
	Male height	19-22 in (48-56 cm)
	Female height	18-20 in (46-51 cm)
	Coat length	0.4-0.8 in (1-2 cm), double coat, fine undercoat
	Accepted colors	Red, fawn, black, blue, cream (pure white not accepted)
	Tongue	Dark blue or purple (required by standard)
Health	Lifespan	9-12 years
	Hip dysplasia	High prevalence (over 20 percent in some OFA registries)
	Elbow dysplasia	High prevalence; radiographic testing recommended
	Entropion	Common due to head conformation
	Autoimmune hypothyroidism	Moderate-to-high prevalence; annual panel from age 3
	Degenerative myelopathy	SOD1 gene; DNA test available
	Cutaneous melanoma	Higher risk than rough variety; annual dermatologic exam
	Recommended tests	Hip, elbow, ophthalmology, thyroid, SOD1
Character	Energy level	Low
	Trainability	Moderate (independent character)
	Barking	Low
	Reactivity to strangers	High
	Cohabitation with children	With older, respectful kids; supervised with little ones
	Cohabitation with same-sex dogs	Frequently difficult
	Cohabitation with cats	Possible with socialization from puppyhood
Lifestyle	Daily exercise	60-90 minutes (two moderate walks)
	Apartment suitability	Conditional (roomy unit, no extreme heat)
	Heat tolerance	Low
	Cold tolerance	Good
	Grooming (vs rough)	Moderate (significant advantage over the rough variety)
	Annual professional grooming	$150-300
US market 2026	Smooth puppy price	$2,000-3,500
	Availability	Low (most breeders produce rough)
	Estimated annual spend	$1,700-3,000 (no unexpected conditions)
	Clubs and associations	AKC, regional Chow Chow clubs

Is the smooth Chow Chow for you?

The smooth variety is a Chow Chow with less coat. That makes it a more manageable option where grooming is concerned and a more revealing one when it comes to skin lesions, but it changes nothing about the character: it is still the same independent Asian spitz, territorially reserved, demanding in early socialization, and completely unsuited to anyone expecting an openly affectionate dog. The difference from the rough is coat maintenance, which simplifies considerably, and melanoma risk, which calls for active dermatological monitoring.

If you value independence, have prior experience with strong-charactered dogs, live in a calm household, and are drawn to the rarity of a variety few people know, the smooth Chow can be a deeply satisfying companion. If you want a sociable dog, playful with visitors or easy to train to advanced obedience, plenty of breeds will fit better.

Frequently asked questions

Is it the same breed as the standard Chow Chow? Yes. The breed standard recognizes two varieties within the same breed: rough (long coat) and smooth (short coat). They differ morphologically in coat, but genetically they are the same breed, with the same character, the same origin, and the same hereditary conditions. There is no separate standard for each variety.

Is it easier to maintain than the rough variety? In grooming terms, yes. The 0.4 to 0.8 inch coat does not mat, requires no deep raking or intensive drying, and professional grooming runs two to four times cheaper a year. In every other respect (character, health, training, exercise, and socialization needs), the two varieties are identical.

What is the genetic difference between rough and smooth? The difference is phenotypic, not a separate genetic line. A mutation in the FGF5 gene produces the long-coat phenotype (rough); smooth dogs carry the short-coat allele at that same gene. Rough and smooth puppies can appear in the same litter if both parents carry the short-coat allele. Breeders pursuing the smooth variety work precisely with that genetics.

Why does it have a blue tongue? A high concentration of melanocytes in the oral mucosa. It is an inherited, physiological, normal trait in the breed, shared only with the Shar-Pei among recognized breeds. It is not a sign of disease or oxygen shortage, though it is worth flagging to the veterinarian at any emergency visit to avoid confusion with cyanosis.

Is cutaneous melanoma very common in the smooth variety? More common than in the rough, yes. The short coat exposes pigmented skin to ultraviolet radiation directly. Dark-coated dogs (black, blue) carry higher risk. An annual dermatologic exam and attention to changes in pigmented lesions are the main preventive measures. In summer, reduce direct sun exposure during peak hours.

Is the Chow Chow restricted under US law? It is not on any federal dangerous-dog list. Breed-specific legislation in the US is set at the state, county, and city level and varies widely, so verify local ordinances before acquiring one. More commonly, many homeowner and renter insurance carriers list the Chow Chow as a restricted breed, which can affect liability coverage; confirm with your insurer.

Where do I find a smooth Chow Chow breeder in the US? AKC breeder listings and regional Chow Chow clubs are the starting point. The smooth variety is a minority, and most breeders produce rough, so the search takes patience and, frequently, a waiting list. Be wary of ads for smooth puppies available immediately with no complete health documentation.